{"id":23146,"date":"2022-07-04T16:29:11","date_gmt":"2022-07-04T15:29:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sites.dundee.ac.uk\/energyhubplus\/?p=23146"},"modified":"2022-07-04T17:37:17","modified_gmt":"2022-07-04T16:37:17","slug":"car-2022-research-paper-by-muhammad-fahim-khan","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sites.dundee.ac.uk\/energyhubplus\/2022\/07\/04\/car-2022-research-paper-by-muhammad-fahim-khan\/","title":{"rendered":"CAR 2022 \u2013 Research Paper by Muhammad Fahim Khan"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-1 fusion-flex-container nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"max-width:1248px;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-0 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:100%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:1.92%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:0px;--awb-spacing-left-large:1.92%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-1 fusion-sep-none fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-four\"><h4 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-left\" style=\"margin:0;\">Movement of Bargaining Power: International Oil Companies and Developing Countries<\/h4><\/div><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-2 fusion-sep-none fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-four\" style=\"--awb-text-color:var(--awb-color5);\"><h4 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-left\" style=\"margin:0;\">Summary<\/h4><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-1\"><p>Legal structures of the upstream sector in many countries have achieved a balance between meeting the economic objectives of International Oil Companies (IOCs) and Host States to facilitate win-win upstream petroleum development scenarios for both parties. Previously, this was not as frequently the case, and this paper tracks the historical shifts in legislative structures for benefit of either party at the expense of the other using their political-economic influence respectively. It ends with a commentary on the current balance of bargaining power between both IOCs and Host States in light of modern-day factors, particularly the increase in the development and use of clean energy sources.<\/p>\n<\/div><div style=\"text-align:left;\"><a class=\"fusion-button button-flat fusion-button-default-size button-custom fusion-button-default button-1 fusion-button-default-span \" style=\"--button_accent_color:#ffffff;--button_accent_hover_color:#ffffff;--button_border_hover_color:#ffffff;--button_gradient_top_color:var(--awb-color5);--button_gradient_bottom_color:var(--awb-color5);--button_gradient_top_color_hover:var(--awb-color4);--button_gradient_bottom_color_hover:var(--awb-color4);\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" title=\"View The Document\" aria-label=\"View The Document\" href=\"http:\/\/sites.dundee.ac.uk\/energyhubplus\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/195\/2022\/07\/CAR-2022-Muhammad-Fahim-Khan-Research-Paper.pdf\"><i class=\"fa-file-pdf fas button-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><span class=\"fusion-button-text\">View The Document<\/span><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9,11],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-23146","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-cepmlp-annual-review-car","category-research-papers"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.dundee.ac.uk\/energyhubplus\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/23146","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.dundee.ac.uk\/energyhubplus\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.dundee.ac.uk\/energyhubplus\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.dundee.ac.uk\/energyhubplus\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.dundee.ac.uk\/energyhubplus\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=23146"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/sites.dundee.ac.uk\/energyhubplus\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/23146\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":23148,"href":"https:\/\/sites.dundee.ac.uk\/energyhubplus\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/23146\/revisions\/23148"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.dundee.ac.uk\/energyhubplus\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=23146"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.dundee.ac.uk\/energyhubplus\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=23146"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.dundee.ac.uk\/energyhubplus\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=23146"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}