Acceptance criteria |
The requirements and essential conditions that have to be achieved before a deliverable is accepted. |
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Assumption |
An event or circumstance expected to happen during the project lifecycle based on previous experience or high level historical data. Project assumptions are potential risks as they may not be true. Assumption analysis is therefore one of the techniques used in risk identification. |
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Benefit |
The quantifiable and measurable improvement following from the completion of deliverables and resultant business change that is perceived as positive by a stakeholder. It will normally have a tangible value that will justify the investment. |
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Benefits management |
The identification, definition, planning, tracking and realisation of business benefits. |
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Benefits realisation |
The practice of ensuring that benefits are derived from outputs and outcomes. |
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Board |
A body that provides sponsorship to a project, programme or portfolio. The board will represent financial, provider and user interests. |
Bottleneck |
Any resource or process whose capacity is less than or equal to the demand placed on it, thus constraining the flow of work or information through the process |
Bottom-up estimating |
An estimating technique that uses detailed specifications to estimate time and cost for each product or activity. |
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Business analysis |
A research discipline of identifying business needs and determining solutions to business problems. Solutions often include software-systems, improved processes, organisational change or policy development. |
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Business-as-usual |
An organisation’s normal day-to-day operations. |
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Capability |
The completed set of project outputs required to deliver an outcome; this exists prior to transition. It is a service, function or operation that enables the organisation to exploit opportunities. |
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Centre of expertise (COE) |
A coordinating function ensuring change is delivered consistently and well, through standard processes and competent staff. It may provide standards, consistency of methods and processes, knowledge management, assurance and training. It may also provide strategic oversight, scrutiny and challenge across an organisation’s portfolio of programmes and projects. This function provides a focal point for driving the implementation of improvements to increase the organisation’s capability and capacity in programme and project delivery. |
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Change Champion |
This role is a ‘people’ role rather than a ‘systems’ one. Change champions will help communicate the aims, objectives and outputs of the Programme to end users within their own functional area |
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Change control |
The process through which all requests to change the baseline scope, schedule and budget of a project, programme or portfolio are captured, evaluated and then approved, rejected or deferred. |
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Change request |
A request to obtain formal approval for changes to the scope of work. |
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Communication |
The means by which information or instructions are exchanged. Successful communication occurs when the received meaning is the same as the transmitted meaning. |
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Comparative estimating |
An estimating technique based on the comparison with, and factoring from, the cost of similar, previous work. |
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Complexity |
Complexity relates to the degree of interaction of all the elements that comprise P3 management and is dependent on such factors as the level of risk, range of stakeholders and degree of innovation. |
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Data Cleanse |
Looking at a set of data and remove/editing/archiving old ir irrelevant data |
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Data Migration |
Moving large amounts of data from one IT system to another |
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Deliverable |
A product, set of products or package of work that will be delivered to, and formally accepted by, a stakeholder. |
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Disbenefit |
A consequence of change perceived as negative by one or more stakeholders. |
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Escalation |
The process by which issues are drawn to the attention of a higher level of management. |
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Estimating |
The use of a range of tools and techniques to produce estimates. |
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Gate |
The point between stages where a go/no go decision can be made about the remainder of the work. |
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Governance |
The set of policies, regulations, functions, processes, procedures and responsibilities that define the establishment, management and control of projects, programmes or portfolios. |
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Issue |
A formal issue occurs when the tolerances of delegated work are predicted to be exceeded or have been exceeded. This triggers the escalation of the issue from one level of management to the next in order to seek a solution. |
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Issue register |
A document listing and describing identified issues. |
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Lessons learned |
Documented experiences that can be used to improve the future management of projects, programmes and portfolios. |
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Objectives |
Predetermined results towards which effort is directed. Objectives may be defined in terms of outputs, outcomes and/or benefits. |
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Outcome |
The changed circumstances or behaviour that results from the use of a capability. Outcomes are desired when a change is conceived. Outcomes are achieved as a result of the activities undertaken to affect the change. |
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Output |
The tangible or intangible product typically delivered by a project. |
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People, organisation, processes, information and technology (POPIT) model |
The POPIT model provides a holistic framework for considering the different aspects of a business system when analysing opportunities for improvement. For each aspect area, some examples of things to be considered during the analysis are: |
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People – roles and job descriptions, skills and competencies, staff development, motivation, culture |
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Organisation – management style, business values, strategy, structure |
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Processes – value streams, core processes, procedures |
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Information – data, content, policies |
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Technology – software, hardware, applications, equipment, accommodation |
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Planning |
Determines what is to be delivered, how much it will cost, when it will be delivered, how it will be delivered and who will carry it out. |
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Portfolio |
The totality of an organisation’s investment (or segment thereof) in the changes required to achieve is strategic objectives. |
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Portfolios can be managed at an organisational or functional level and address three questions: |
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Are these the projects and programmes needed to deliver the strategic objectives, subject to risk, resource constraints and affordability? |
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Is the organisation delivering them effectively and efficiently? |
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Are the full potential benefits from the organisation’s investment being realised? |
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Portfolio management |
A coordinated collection of strategic processes and decisions that together enable the most effective balance of organisational change and business as usual. |
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Portfolio, programme and project management (PPM) |
PPM is the accepted term that covers portfolio as well as programme and project management. |
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Portfolio, programme, and project offices (P3O) |
The decision-enabling and support business model for all business change within an organisation. This will include single or multiple physical or virtual structures i.e. offices (permanent or temporary), providing a mix of centralised and localised functions and services, and integration with governance arrangement and the wider business such as corporate support functions. |
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Product |
A tangible or intangible component of a project’s output. Synonymous with deliverable. |
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Programme |
A temporary flexible organisation or structure created to coordinate, direct and oversee the implementation of a set of related projects and activities in order to deliver outcomes and benefits related to the organisation’s strategic objectives. A programme is likely to have a life that spans several years. |
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Programme management |
The coordinated organisation, direction and implementation of a dossier of projects and transformation activities (i.e. the programme) to achieve outcomes and realise benefits of strategic importance. |
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Project |
A temporary organisation that is created for the purpose of delivering one or more business products according to an agreed business case. |
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Project management |
The planning, delegating, monitoring and control of all aspects of the project, and the motivation of those involved, to achieve the project objectives within the expected performance targets for time, cost, quality, scope, benefits and risks. |
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RAG reporting |
Red, amber, green reporting is used to indicate how well an initiative is progressing. It is often linked to tolerances set around critical success criteria to ensure more than just a subjective assessment of the initiative status is taking place. |
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Reports |
1. The presentation of information in an appropriate format (e.g. management report). |
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2. A written record or summary, a detailed account or statement, or a verbal account. |
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Requirements management |
The process of capturing, assessing and justifying stakeholders’ wants and needs. |
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Resource management |
The acquisition and deployment of the internal and external resources required to deliver the project, programme or portfolio. |
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Resource scheduling |
A collection of techniques used to calculate the resources required to deliver the work and when they will be required. |
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RAID |
A RAID log is an effective tool to keep control of the project. It contains Risks, Assumptions, Issues and Dependencies. |
Risks |
Events that will have an adverse impact on your project if they occur. Risk refers to the combined likelihood the event will occur and the impact on the project if it does occur. If the likelihood of the event happening and impact to the project are both high, you identify the event as a risk. The log includes descriptions of each risk, full analysis and a plan to mitigate them. |
Assumptions |
Any factors that you are assuming to be in place that will contribute to the successful result of your project. The log includes details of the assumption, the reason it is assumed, and the action needed to confirm whether the assumption is valid. |
Issues |
Something that is going wrong on your project and needs managing. Failure to manage issues may result in a poor delivery or even complete failure. The log includes descriptions of each issue, its impact, its seriousness and actions needed to contain and remove it. |
Dependencies |
Any event or work that are either dependent on the result of your project, or on which your project will be dependent. The log captures whom you are dependent on, what they should deliver and when. It may also include who is dependent on you. |
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Risk management |
A process that allows individual risk events and overall risk to be understood and managed proactively, optimising success by minimising threats and maximising opportunities. |
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Risk register |
A document listing identified risk events and their corresponding planned responses. |
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Stage |
The major subdivision of the gated business change life cycle. |
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Stakeholder |
An individual, group, or organisation, who may affect, be affected by, or perceive itself to be affected by a decision, activity, or outcome of a change initiative. |
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Stakeholder management |
The systematic identification, analysis, planning and implementation of actions designed to engage with stakeholders. |
TechnologyOne |
This is the company that is providing the solution software |
Timebox |
The production of project deliverables in circumstances where time and resources, including funding, are fixed and the requirements are prioritised and vary depending on what can be achieved within the timebox. |
Target Operating Model (TOM) |
This defines the way we should work once the new ways of working are implemented. It provides a benchmark to make sure we’re doing the right things. |
Tolerance |
A permissible variation in performance parameters often set in terms of time, cost, scope, quality, risk and benefits. |
Workflow |
The series of activities that are necessary to complete a task. |